Welcome to the site !!
I am guessing you got some of the shims wrong and the more you pull the countershaft over it is not allowing the shift forks to lock in , so its in between gears , unfortunately , the only way to confirm and/or check is to tear it apart again , but I am thinking you got the shims all on one side or something , and it is moving things over enough that it can't engage
Only other thing I can think of is the detent is not engaged in the shift drum .....that would also cause it not to connect , but I do not think it would make a difference if the gear is tightened or not .... So still something else going on , either way , you need to tear it apart again ... no other option
Also....... pull the clutch cover and make sure the shifter detent is centered