Welcome to the site !!
There are several answers here , since you let it run for 10 minutes , its "possible" you did damage , especially if its a "fresh" rebuild , the engine needs to heat cycle , but not for 10 minutes without airflow thru the radiators , that is the source of cooling , if air is not being forced thru the radiators , all your doing is heating the metal , like leaving a frying pan on the stove on high without anything in it
With that said , you need to check the oil for coolant , this will help tell if there is any engine damage , i would also smell the oil , if it smells burnt , its possible you glazed the cylinder walls and cooked the rings (this is all possibilities , not saying this is the case) , if the engine runs again and is smoking from the exhaust , then there might be issues , IF its smoking and its blue smoke , the rings are toast , if its white smelly smoke then its antifreeze and a possible head gasket or worse....again , these are "possibilities" and you may get lucky , but i would keep a eye on things for a while to look for excessive oil consumption , etc.....
To answer your question about the "burping" of the cooling system , yes you can lean it over , or rock it back and forth (with the engine OFF and the radiator cap off) , while filling the radiator periodically tilt the bike back and forth , you don't have to lay it on its side , just lean it to the left/shifter side about equivalent to what it would be cornering and you should see the coolant drop , top it off, then replace the cap and lean it to the right , then check again , then replace the cap once it wont take any more coolant after rocking it several times , and fire it up for no more than 1 minute max , then shut it down and let it sit about 5-10 minutes , or until the radiator feels cool , then slowly remove the cap and check the coolant level , it should be right at the top just below the wider part of the opening , if not then add coolant , and then replace the cap and fire the bike again , then loosen the lowest bolt on the water pump , it should have a copper washer on it , fluid should come out along with any air if any is left in the system , (just slightly loosen so coolant starts to flow , then close it right back up again as soon as you get a steady flow of coolant , not letting the bike run for any longer than 1 minute max) , shut the bike off , and let it cool down , then recheck the level , and top off the coolant , hopefully if there is no damage , your done and good to go , at this time , you should check the oil for coolant again , if its not milky looking and you don't notice any smoke when running , then try riding it briefly and see what it does
If you notice any steam , shut it down and locate the source , , if all is OK after a brief ride , then again let it cool and check the level again ,......basically you want to check the level after/between every ride anyway , as there is not a overflow tank so you will always loose some coolant on a ride ...........hopefully no major damage was done and your good to go